Mountains

In the Name of Allah, The Most Gracious, Most Merciful
The Quran is inviting you: In His Divine Book, the Holy Quran, Allah, All-Mighty, says,
“And We have made therein firm and tall mountains; and We have given you to drink sweet water.” [LXXVII; 27]
He, Most Gracious, also says,
“Do they not look at the camels: how they have been created, at the heaven: how it has been raised, and at the mountains: how they have been deeply rooted (and firmly fixed)?!” [LXXXVIII; 17-19]
and,
“Have We not made the Earth as a bed, and the mountains as pegs?” LXXVIII; 6,7]
Details of this invitation:
The above Quranic Verses invite us to consider how mountains have been deeply rooted and firmly fixed in the Earth’s surface. It is clear that the Verses speak about mountains on the Earth. A mountain is but a peg, two thirds of which are rooted in the various layers of the crust of the Earth, which are not drifted by the Earth’s movement thanks to mountains that fix them together just like pegs.

Another meaning: By His Divine Words,
“Have We not made the Earth as a bed, and the mountains as pegs?”
Allah, All-Mighty, refers to the fact that when you look at a mountain, you see only one apparent third of it, but the other two thirds cannot be seen because they are rooted in the Earth. In other words, one third of a mountain is above the Earth, but the two other thirds are inside it.
For example, when we say that the Himalayas are more than 12,000 meters high above sea level, we mean only the upper apparent parts of those mountains, which constitute only one third thereof. But the other two thirds of the Himalayas are deeply rooted in the Earth.
That is why Allah, All-Mighty, says,
“And the mountains: He (Allah) has fixed them firmly.” [LXXIX; 32]
Third meaning: Allah, Al-High, says,
“And Allah has made for you, out of that which He has created, shades, and He has made for you in the mountains places of refuge.” [XVI; 81]
In other words, series of mountains that are located at the seaside make the land behind them moderately dry and the winds mild. For example, if you go to Aleppo through Homs, you notice that all of the trees are inclined due to the gap existing between the two series of coastal mountains there. Therefore, the Quranic Verse shows clearly that Allah, Most Gracious, has made mountains as places of refuge and protection: “And Allah has made for you, out of that which He has created, shades, and He has made for you in the mountains places of refuge.” Climatic changes are related to mountains and the gaps between them. This is because they stand firm in the face of the winds and stop them.
Fourth meaning: Allah, Glory to Him, says,
“And it is He (Allah) Who has spread out the Earth and placed therein firm mountains and rivers.” [XIII; 3]
The relationship between rivers and mountains is that mountains are reservoirs for rivers:
“and placed therein firm mountains and rivers.”
Fifth meaning: Allah, Praised and Exalted, says,
“And He (Allah) has affixed into the Earth mountains standing firm lest it should shake with you.” [XVI; 15]
While moving round itself and round the Sun, the globe of the Earth is apt to shake and be unstable. If, however, mountains are spread wisely, as they are already, on its surface, this makes it stable despite its rapid movement round the Sun and itself. This is exactly the meaning of Allah’s Words:
“And He (Allah) has affixed into the Earth mountains standing firm lest it should shake with you.”
Sixth meaning: Allah, All-Mighty, says, “Is not He (Allah) Who has made the Earth as a stable abode?!” Who has made the Earth stable and comfortable despite its rapid movement round the Sun and itself?! In its movement round the Sun, the Earth crosses 30 km/sec. And it turns round itself at a peed of 1600 km/h. Nevertheless, buildings are not disturbed or destroyed by such rapid movement:
“Is not He (Allah) Who has made the Earth as a stable abode, and has made rivers in its midst, and has placed firm mountains therein?!” [XXVII; 61]
Another thing: Allah, Most Merciful, says,
“And We have placed therein firm and tall mountains, and We have given you sweet water to drink.” [LXXVII; 27]
Scientists say: Mountains multiply the area of the Earth’s surface four times. In other words, the area occupied by a mountain is five times less than the total area of its sides. This means that mountains increase areas on the Earth’s surface. They also modify the climate and have jobs that Allah, Alone, knows. To this effect, Allah, All-Mighty, says,
“Do they not look at the camels: how they have been created, at the heaven: how it has been raised, and at the mountains: how they have been deeply rooted (and firmly fixed)?!” [LXXXVIII; 17-19]
Praise be to Allah, the Lord of Creations